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Babylon, the capital of the Babylonian empire of ancient Mesopotamia is a town located near the Euphrates river now known as southern Iraq.
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Historically, the first dynasty of Babylon was founded by Hammurabi in the Neo-Babylonian period after the destruction of the Assyrian empire. Babylon became one of the most important cities in the days of the ancient Middle East when Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) making it the capital of the kingdom of Babylon.
Babylonian literature is built with a very nice and cuneiform records have been found showing religion, history and science is highly developed. Pharmaceuticals, chemistry, alchemy, botany, mathematics and astronomy are also practiced. Religion and ancient form of cuneiform writing comes from the culture of Sumer older. They also developed an abstract form of writing based on the symbol cuneiform (wedge-shaped). This article was written on wet clay and baked in the sun.
"Tales of Creation" was written in seven Babylonian clay tablets and displayed and read at the New Year festival in Babylon. These sheets tells the story of the success of City of God Babylon, Marduk and how it could be a supreme god Marduk, the king of all the gods in heaven and earth.
Babylonians had a number system more advanced than we have now, the system is essentially the position with 60. They also made tables to assist in the calculation process. They divide the same day as we now do, 24 hours 60 minutes for every hour and every minute 60 seconds.
Customs of the Babylonians This also affected the Assyrian and contribute to the history of the Middle East and Western Europe in the future.
Babylon's decline and fall into anarchy around 1180 BC, but then grow again as state of the Assyrian empire after the 9th century BC.
Babylon finally destroyed in 689 BC by the Assyrians under the leadership of Sennacherib, but rebuilt again. Nabopolassar founded what is now known as the Chaldean or new Babylonian Empire in 625 BC, and finally reached the golden age under the reign of his son Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC).
Glories and splendor of Babylon became famous and legendary since riding his throne Nebuchadnezzar, which is believed to be the founder of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
Mentioned that the park was built by Nebuchadnezzar to cheer up his wife or concubine very fond located in the area surrounded by mountains. Since then the park depend, one of the seven wonders of the world are expected there.
In Babylonian literature, there were no historical records about the park depend on, and very descriptive report comes from the Greek historian. Clay tablets from the period of Nebuchadnezzar, the description of the palace, the city of Babylon, and the walls are found, but none of the references found on the park depends.
Some historians believe that the legend of the park relies only a story about the mix of garden and palm trees in Mesopotamia, Nebuchadnezzar's palace, the tower of Babel, and ziggurats were told by the armies of Alexander when they return home.
Tower of Babel
ziggurats
In this century, some of the structures that are part of the park is expected to rely discovered. Archeologists are gathering evidence to reach a conclusion about the location of the park, irrigasinya system, and the original form.
Sources of the Greek nation states that rely park quadrangular shape, each side 4 plethora length, consists of arched vaults in the foundation. This garden has plants that are grown on the surface of the soil, and the roots of these plants on the terrace attached to the top and not inside the earth. The whole mass is supported by colom rocks. Water is pumped to the top and allowed to flow down the slopes, irrigating plants.
Latest archeology excavations discovered the foundations of the palace of Nebuchadnezzar. Another discovery that supports the park relies included under the building with thick walls and irrigation near the southern palace.
A group of archeologist did a survey in the southern palace and reconstructed under the building as a garden depends. Greek historian, Strabo, said that the park is situated on the river Euphrates dependent.
Others argue that their location is very far from the river Euphrates by the invention from underneath the building located a few hundred yards from the river.
Home to the palace has been reconstructed and is expected to rely park located in the area that stretches from the river to the palace. Massive walls, 25 feet thick was recently discovered in the river, which is likely a step to form a terrace which is described in reference to the Greek.
Until now, the Hanging Gardens legend still can not ascertain the truth and still can not say also that only fairy tales. Archeologist still are trying to find evidence relic of Nebuchadnezzar.
In 538 BC, the last leader of Babylon surrendered to Cyrus the Great of Persia. And this is a sign of the end of the Chaldean and Babylonian dynasty.
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