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Russian indigenous people of Siberia and Mongolia who live in the far northern province of Khovsgol it relies on long-horned elk for their survival. Not only that, wildebeest it is the epitome of culture and spirit Dukha tribe.
However, along with the times, in the interior of their lives are threatened. An ancient tradition that they risk milikipun finished.
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"They clearly are groups of people who are now dying face of the modern era," says anthropologist from Harvard, Hamid Sardar-Afkhami, as reported by CNN,
Sardar, who spent his life living with Dukha well as documenting how they survive, said that previously there are 200 families living in rural areas in Mongolia. However, today, he estimates that only 40 families left with 1,000 reindeer.
"The number of families declined because many of them decided to stay with the mainstream community," said Sardar.
"Many of them moved to the cities and even stay in the capital," he added.
Not only that, the greatest threat facing Dhuka Tribe is the reluctance of the younger generation who refuse to live in harsh conditions in the taiga or the snowy woods.
"They wanted to go down the mountain, staying in a cabin warm in winter. Maybe buy a car and drive it," said Sardar again.
"Obviously it is the greatest temptations of modern life. The trouble running the traditional life of shepherds reindeer obviously plays a factor," explained Sardar.
Threats modernization not only that, but the gold mining in the area that they used to live in the community resulted in waning number.
"The government also closed the hunting areas because people Tsaatans regarded as of national parks are protected. Their movements are now limited and the likelihood they could no longer live by hunting," said Sardar again.
As compensation, the government paid them $ 150 per family per month, which, according to Sardar it was very depressing.
"When you pay them as compensation for not hunting, that would be damaging and destroying their culture," he said.
To further add to the woes Dukhas, the number of deer has shrunk dramatically due to illness and lack of care provided.
Relying on Tourism
Factor-Fator was finally made some Dukha tribal people depend on tourists.
Tourism is one of the highest revenue for them. In recent years, many tourism services company offering the tour package to visit the community renana Dhuka as part of a trip to Mongolia.
However, tourists are required to be able to ride horses and are willing to spend several days toward the Tribe Dhuka stay. Not to mention the rocky and steep streets. Many tourists could not make the trip.
As a result, people who have to Dhuka tribe to where the tourists stay. They built a tent as if it was their home near Lake Khovsgol, a favorite area for tourists.
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Led by Enkhatuya, as chief and shaman, a group of families Dhuka offers tourists a feel for how into them, without the need to go to the place of origin in the forest.
Enkhatuya admits that life is getting harder for people.
"It's the reason we came down the mountain each summer to Lake Khovsgol. We need the money so that we can survive in the winter," he said.
Controversy
Deer, in particular, has become the biggest attraction among the visitors. They gladly pay 5,000 Tugrik Mongolia or approximately US $ 2.5 for one photo opportunities.
Judging from the number of buses that come and go, one family can easily get money of about US $ 200 per day.
It is a lot of money by Mongolian standards, where the average worker earned $ 330 per month.
But many tourists are actually concerned about the condition of the deer poles, so some travel companies, like Travel Melbourne, Australia-based Intrepid, preventing the visiting tribe.
"Many tourists who argue that this area is not the best environment for the deer because they are animals that normally live in cold climates and taken to Lake Khovsgol warm so that pastoralists can benefit from tourism," said Timur Yadamsuren, local guides and Country Manager for Travel Intrepid in Mongolia.
"For this reason Intrepid Travel does not recommend this activity."
Enkhatuya rejected the allegations and said, "As a culture, we have a strong inner connection with the deer. We never hurt the deer as they think."
Although the deer population decline, he believes Dukha culture will continue to grow.
"The young people we are back to continue the tradition of our ancestors," he said. "They are close to the tribe and its culture. They continue to speak our native language." In fact, Enkhatuya grandchildren have followed in his footsteps and become a shaman.
Although the shaman optimistic, but not for Sardar. He convinced old-fashioned way of life they are now the way to extinction.
"They are the last of their kind," said Sardar.
"Even if they survive, even if they leave the reindeer herding culture, their culture will die," Sardar lid.
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