Mammoth Extinction Mystery Behind, Hairy Elephant ice age

Siberia - The first person to reach the North Pole is a US explorer Robert Peary, in 1900. Or perhaps, Frederick Cook, in 1908. Historians are still not convinced, who between them for the first time set foot there.
However, it is a story fit for discovery in the Arctic, the corner of the world where ambiguity rule.
In fact there is no official consensus on where the Arctic.
Technically, Arctic refers to anything above the Arctic Circle, which has a latitude of 66 degrees, 32 minutes North. The definition of the United States, the region includes all of the Bering Sea (which stretches as far south as 53 degrees).
While some scientists describe the Arctic using the Arctic tree line or average temperature to draw their boundaries. And many research stations in the region built on sheets of sea ice drift and does not have a fixed location.
Therefore, it is difficult to determine about when humans arrived in the Arctic.

However, in a new paper published in Science, a team of Russian researchers noted that human history had occupied the area since 45,000 years ago, thousands of years earlier than previously archaeologists study.
But their discovery is not based on arguments about mummies frozen, or any man-made object. Instead, it was the discovery of the body of the mammoth, which was found in 2012 in the Siberian coast Yensei Bay.
The researchers were able to determine the bone age. And the hairy elephant deaths occurred in 45,000 years ago. The discovery was supported by the analysis branch, peat moss, and other natural materials found around and on top of the body.
Scientists have made a copy of the gene on the genome of woolly mammoth 14 Asian elephants (Reuters)
Based on that, the giant, obviously in good health when they died.
Dental examination said he was about 15 years old at the time of his death, while a large amount of fat in punuknya (many soft tissue intact) showed that the mammoth was healthy.
So what caused his death and extinction flock?
The researchers said, of his death, it appears that it is caused by a sharp weapon can only be made by humans.
A small sign, symmetrical hole in the skull indicates that it has been pierced by a spear giant, as it found any fault in the leg and shoulder bones.
Further analysis revealed that the injury that occurred before the death of the animal. Trunk bone fragments have also been stripped, which makes experts speculate may be a way to kill the animals to cut the trunk with a sharp instrument. The giant die slowly.
To create support their findings, the researchers also mention the new discovery of the carcasses the wolves from separate locations in the Siberian Arctic. An analysis of the bones of wolves that lived during the same time period as the mammoth.
X-rays found a sign on one of the leg bones of the wolf is the "result of a penetrating injury inflicted by a sharp weapon." The bones also show signs of healing, indicating that wolves survived the injury and eliminate the possibility of injuries that occurred after the death of the animal.
"These two incidents show that even during the phase of the time period between 3,000 and 57,000 years ago, humans have inhabited the Arctic are quite spacious, although the total population may be small and rarely settled for a long time," the researchers wrote as reported by The Atlantic, Saturday, January 15, 2016.
This is the second time in the first decade of discovery Siberia has made archaeologists to think there was anything in the region. In 2004, a team headed by Vladmir Pitulko, found the 31,000-year-old hunting tools along the Yana River in central Siberia, pushing back the evidence of human presence has been there about 15,000 years.
"The extent of the Arctic that makes think that the region would not be a human being can live. However, from the death of the animals pole turned out to say otherwise. Humans have lived in the region, and possibly, they're one of the causes Mammoth extinction. Could be." The researchers lid.

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