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Now, Kelly returned home.
Scott existence in outer space is part of the 'twin brothers' NASA involving twin Scott, Mark Kelly.
When Scott was in space, Mark remained on Earth. It made the researchers examined the impact of travel outside the Earth to the human body in order to prepare a mission to Mars.
More specifically, the researchers examined the effect of visual changes associated with human length depending on the space ship. It was raised by Scott Graham, head of science at the National Space Biomedical Research Institute and researchers at NASA's deputy Twin Study. How the body to adapt, whether there is reduced visibility, and how bone mass during beyond Earth.
1. Vision
One of the most important research was that the researchers focused on the impact of vision Scott after one year in space.
"We want to see decreased vision against Scott after one year in space," said Graham.
Graham said most astronauts returning from outer space experienced a reduction of vision. Researchers are not sure what caused that to happen.
"Most astronauts have to replace their glasses while in outer space. At first they took the glasses from the Earth, but in a few months, they replace minus higher," said Graham.
2. Bones and Muscles
Within one out, Scott Kelly did not use his legs to move but floated to move from one room to the other in a space ship. In the past, the astronauts returned to Earth with brittle bones and weak muscles from lack of use on the plane.
However, this time, the researchers were able to reduce these impacts by providing training programs for the ship.
According to Graham, Scott Kelly while in a vehicle for the International Space Station tying himself to a treadmill or riding a stationary bike for 2 to 2.5 hours per day.
"The exercise proved to have a positive impact on the bones and muscles of astronauts and when they returned, their bodies remain good," explained Graham.
"There is one and two astronauts who have
brittle bones and muscles weaken, but not as severe as time immemorial," said Graham.
3. Long-Term Effects of Radiation
Radiation is the biggest issue that will confront the current astronauts traveling to Mars later, Graham said.
On the International Space Station, astronauts receive radiation 20 times greater than the human being on Earth.
"So you can imagine, if people travel to Mars, there will be hundreds of times, maybe 300 times the radiation exposure," said Graham.
He said researchers have been interested in the effects of radiation so that will affect the work of the heart, blood flow, pour, central nervous system and brain. And most likely have an increased risk of cancer.
He also notes that the health of Scott Kell will continue with routine medical examination.
4. Heart shrinking
When in a vehicle, the cardiovascular system is not working as hard as on Earth.
"Same function as bone and muscle, the heart is designed to work in the gravity on Earth. So, if you put your heart in outer space, the organ will work differently and change its size," said Graham.
He noted the transition effect of their return to Earth was the astronauts could feel almost faint. That is the reason why they were put on a special bed to assure that they will not faint when standing and walking.
However, there are fears of radiation can cause coronary heart disease.
5. The Human Body
One of the most obvious appearance that looks at himself astronaut Scott Kelly is he taller 5 cm! It was because of the lack of gravity that makes the spine lengthening.
Year in Space, Astronaut Scott Kelly Added High 5 Cm. Scott and Mark Kelly, NASA Twin Program (Reuters)
When they return to Earth, they adjust to gravity back and have balance problems as well as simple tasks such as standing, walking or running vehicles.
Graham said the astronauts will perform a program of readjustment and usually return to normal after one to three weeks. However, if they are experiencing problems in the bones and muscles, could take months or years to recover.
3. Long-Term Effects of Radiation
Radiation is the biggest issue that will confront the current astronauts traveling to Mars later, Graham said.
On the International Space Station, astronauts receive radiation 20 times greater than the human being on Earth.
"So you can imagine, if people travel to Mars, there will be hundreds of times, maybe 300 times the radiation exposure," said Graham.
He said researchers have been interested in the effects of radiation so that will affect the work of the heart, blood flow, pour, central nervous system and brain. And most likely have an increased risk of cancer.
He also notes that the health of Scott Kell will continue with routine medical examination.
4. Heart shrinking
When in a vehicle, the cardiovascular system is not working as hard as on Earth.
"Same function as bone and muscle, the heart is designed to work in the gravity on Earth. So, if you put your heart in outer space, the organ will work differently and change its size," said Graham.
He noted the transition effect of their return to Earth was the astronauts could feel almost faint. That is the reason why they were put on a special bed to assure that they will not faint when standing and walking.
However, there are fears of radiation can cause coronary heart disease.
5. The Human Body
One of the most obvious appearance that looks at himself astronaut Scott Kelly is he taller 5 cm! It was because of the lack of gravity that makes the spine lengthening.
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When they return to Earth, they adjust to gravity back and have balance problems as well as simple tasks such as standing, walking or running vehicles.
Graham said the astronauts will perform a program of readjustment and usually return to normal after one to three weeks. However, if they are experiencing problems in the bones and muscles, could take months or years to recover.
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